Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.
The operands can be numeric values or variables.
The result of an operation must always be assigned to a variable.
Operator
Name
Example
+
-
*
/
//
%
**
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Integer division (quotient)
Modulo (remainder)
Exponentiation
c = a + b
c = a - b
c = a * b
c = a / b
c = a // b
c = a % b
c = a ** b
Comparison Operators
A comparison operator compares two values and returns a Boolean value as the result.
In the following table, assume that the value of variable a is 10 and the value of variable b is 20.
Operator
==
!=
>
<
=
<=
Name
Equal
Not equal
Greater
Lower
Greater or equal
Lower or equal
Example
a = b
a != b
a > b
a < ba >= b
a <= b
Result
False
True
False
True
False
True
Assignment Operators
Operator
=
+=
-=
*=
/=
//=
%=
**=
Example
a = 12
a += 5
a -= 5
a *= 2
a /= 5
a //= 5
a %= 5
a **= 2
Same as
.a = a + 5
a = a - 5
a = a * 2
a = a / 5
a = a // 5
a = a % 5
a = a ** 2
Logical Operators
Logical operators operate on Boolean values.
Operator
not
and
or
Name
Logical NOT
Logical AND
Logical OR
Example
not a
a and b
a or b
Membership Operators
A membership operator tests whether a value belongs to a sequence, such as a string, list, or tuple.
Operator
in
Result
Returns True if it finds the searched value in the specified sequence, and False otherwise.
Example
v in s
not in
Returns True if it do not find the searched value in the specified sequence, and False otherwise.
v not in s
Identity Operators
An identity operator tests whether two variables reference the same object.
Operator
is
Result
Returns True if both variables are references to the same object, and False otherwise.
Example
a is b
is not
Returns True if it do not find the searched value in the specified sequence, and False otherwise.
a is not b
Operator Precedence
The following table lists the operators according to their precedence in descending order.
Precedence
1
Operators
**
Description
Exponentiation
2
~ + -
unary operators: complement (bitwise not), positive, negative
3
* / % //
Multiplication, division, modulo, integer division
4
+ -
Addition, subtraction
5
<= < > >=
Comparison operators
6
<> == !=
Equality operators
7
= %= /= //=
-= += *= **=
Assignment operators
8
is is not
Identity operators
9
in not in
Membership operators
10
not or and
Logical operators